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Duchy of Ferrara
The Duchy of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio ((イタリア語:Ducato di Ferrara, Modena e Reggio)) was a sovereign state in what is now northern Italy. Initially, the Duchy governed only the Emilia's region, but in 1471 Borso d'Este, as its Duke of Modena and Reggio, was appointed by Pope Paul II as "Duke of Ferrara", when the city was annexed to the Papal States.
==Background==
The origin of Ferrara is uncertain, it was probably settled by the inhabitants of the lagoons at the mouth of Po river; there are two early centers of settlement, one round the cathedral,〔The See was moved here from Vicohabentia (Voghenza) in 624 ((Chronology of Catholic dioceses: Italy )).〕 the other, the ''castrum bizantino'', being the San Pietro district, on the opposite shore, where the Primaro empties into the Volano channel. Ferrara appears first in a document of the Lombard king Desiderius of 753 AD,〔()〕 as a city forming part of the Exarchate of Ravenna. Desiderius pledged a Lombard ''ducatus ferrariae'' ("Duchy of Ferrara") in 757 to Pope Stephen II.
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